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Joules notebook and the published paper
Joule was able to carry out complicated calculations. Compare the manuscript calculation of the circumference of the groove of the calorimeter with the version which appeared in the published paper, 'On the mechanical equivalent of heat'. The reasons for these differences are unknown but show the variations which can occur between a working version and the published product.

The apparatus from Joule's manuscript
 Joule's drawing of his apparatus and the notebook in which it appears. Joule wrote his paper 'On the mechanical equivalent of heat by J.P.Joule D.C.L., LL.D, FRS.S, L.& E. etc' in 1877. His notebook also contains translations, transcriptions and notes from scientific papers that interested him. It was originally identified by the Lowery catalogue as number 2. It is now identified by the Pate catalogue as number 180 (see Sources of Further Information).